Basic calculations: Logical operators in R Languages

Logical Operators and Comparisons

The following table shows the operations and functions for logical comparisons (True or False).

Examples :

> x = 1 : 6       # Generates x=1,2,3,4,5,6
> (x > 2) & (x < 5)  # Checks whether the values are greater than 2 and less than 5

[1]  FALSE  FALSE  TRUE  TRUE  FALSE  FALSE

> x [(x > 2) & (x < 5)]  # Finds which values are greater than 2 and smaller than 5.
[1]   3  4

Logical Operators and Comparisons 

• The shoter form performs element-wise comparisons in almost the same way as arithmetic operators.
• The longer from evaluates left to right examining only the first element of each vector. Evaluation proceeds only until the result is determined.

Example of   " The longer form evaluates left to right examining only the first element of each vector"
> x = 1 : 6           # Generates x = 1,2,3,4,5,6

> (x > 2)  && (x < 5) 
 [1]  FALSE

is equivalent to:

> (x[1] > 2) & (x[1] < 5)
  [1]  FALSE


Note that x[1] is only the first element in x.

> x[ (x > 2) && (x < 5) ] 
   integer(0)                # Finds which values are greater than 2 and smaller than 5

This statement is equivalent to 

> x [ (x[1] > 2) & (x[1] < 5) ]
integer (0)