Digital Techniques [DTE]

 Number Systems:

a. Convert the binary number 101010 to its decimal equivalent.

b. Explain the concept of two's complement in binary representation.

Logic Gates:

a. Implement the XOR gate using only NAND gates.

b. Explain the truth table for a half adder circuit.

Combinational Circuits:

a. Design a 4-to-1 multiplexer using basic logic gates.

b. Implement a full subtractor circuit.

Sequential Circuits:

a. Describe the operation of a D flip-flop.

b. Design a 3-bit binary counter using JK flip-flops.

Registers and Counters:

a. Explain the difference between a shift register and a parallel-in/serial-out register.

b. Design a 4-bit synchronous up-counter using T flip-flops.

Memory Units:

a. Define the terms RAM and ROM.

b. Explain the concept of memory decoding in digital systems.

Digital-to-Analog Conversion:

a. Describe the operation of a weighted resistor digital-to-analog converter.

b. Explain the purpose of a sample-and-hold circuit in digital-to-analog conversion.

Analog-to-Digital Conversion:

a. Discuss the successive approximation method for analog-to-digital conversion.

b. Explain the concept of quantization error in the context of analog-to-digital conversion.

Multiplexers and Demultiplexers:

a. Design an 8-to-1 multiplexer using 4-to-1 multiplexers.

b. Explain the function of a demultiplexer.

Digital Logic Families:

a. Compare and contrast TTL and CMOS logic families.

b. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of ECL logic.

Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs):

a. Describe the types of PLDs and their applications.

b. Explain the concept of a look-up table (LUT) in programmable logic.