Python Coding challenge - Day 200 | What is the output of the following Python Code?

 

Code:

class Decrementer(int):

    def __sub__(self, other):

        return super().__sub__(other - 1)

d = Decrementer(5)

result = d - 3

print(result)  

Solution and Explanation:

Class Definition:

class Decrementer(int):

    def __sub__(self, other):

        return super().__sub__(other - 1)

Decrementer(int): This line creates a class called Decrementer which inherits from the int class. Instances of Decrementer will inherit all the properties and methods of integers.

def __sub__(self, other): This method overrides the subtraction behavior (__sub__) for instances of the Decrementer class. It is called when the - operator is used with instances of Decrementer.

return super().__sub__(other - 1): Inside the __sub__ method, it subtracts 1 from the other operand and then calls the __sub__ method of the superclass (which is int). It passes the modified other operand to the superclass method. Essentially, it performs subtraction of the Decrementer instance with the modified value of other.

Object Instantiation:

d = Decrementer(5)

This line creates an instance of the Decrementer class with the value 5.

Subtraction Operation:

result = d - 3

This line performs a subtraction operation using the - operator. Since d is an instance of Decrementer, the overridden __sub__ method is invoked. The value 3 is passed as other. Inside the overridden __sub__ method, 1 is subtracted from other, making it 2. Then, the superclass method (int.__sub__) is called with the modified other value. Essentially, it subtracts 2 from d, resulting in the final value.

print(result)

This line prints the value of result, which is the result of the subtraction operation performed in the previous step.

So, the output of this code will be 3, which is the result of subtracting 3 - 1 from 5.