Python Coding challenge - Day 220 | What is the output of the following Python Code?

 

Let's break down and explain the function foo and the print statement:

Function Definition: foo

def foo(a, b, *args, **kwargs):

    return a + b + sum(args) + sum(kwargs.values())

Parameters:

1. a and b: These are positional parameters, meaning the first two arguments passed to foo will be assigned to a and b respectively.
2. *args: This parameter allows the function to accept an arbitrary number of additional positional arguments. These arguments are captured as a tuple named args.
3. **kwargs: This parameter allows the function to accept an arbitrary number of keyword arguments. These arguments are captured as a dictionary named kwargs.

Return Statement:

• a + b: This adds the values of a and b.
• sum(args): This calculates the sum of all additional positional arguments captured in args.
• sum(kwargs.values()): This calculates the sum of all the values of the keyword arguments captured in kwargs.

The function returns the sum of these three components.

Function Call and Print Statement:

print(foo(1, 2, 3, 4, x=5, y=6))

Arguments:

• 1 and 2: These are the first two positional arguments, so a = 1 and b = 2.
• 3 and 4: These are additional positional arguments, so args = (3, 4).
• x=5 and y=6: These are keyword arguments, so kwargs = {'x': 5, 'y': 6}.

Calculation:

1. a + b: $1+2=3$
2. sum(args): $3+4=7$
3. sum(kwargs.values()): $5+6=11$

Adding these together: $3+7+11=21$

Output:

The print statement will output 21.

So, when you run: print(foo(1, 2, 3, 4, x=5, y=6))

The output will be: 21