Python Coding challenge - Day 251 | What is the output of the following Python Code?

 

Explanation

Line 1:

 x = "Python" * 2

The string "Python" is repeated twice because of the multiplication operator *.

"Python" * 2

The result will be:

"PythonPython"

So, x is assigned the value "PythonPython".

Line 2:

 y = "Rocks"

What happens:

The variable y is assigned the string "Rocks". This is a simple string assignment.

Line 3: 

print((x and y) + "!" if len(x) > 10 else "Not Long Enough")

This is the most complex line, so let's break it down step by step:

Step 1: Evaluating the if Condition:

len(x) > 10

The expression checks if the length of the string x is greater than 10.

The length of x is "PythonPython", which has 12 characters. So, len(x) > 10 is True.

Step 2: Evaluating the x and y Expression:

x and y

The and operator is a logical operator. In Python, it returns:

The first false value if one is encountered, or

the last value if both are truthy.

Both x ("PythonPython") and y ("Rocks") are truthy (non-empty strings), so the and operator returns the last value, which is "Rocks".

Step 3: Adding "!":

(x and y) + "!"

Since x and y evaluates to "Rocks", the code concatenates "!" to it:

"Rocks" + "!"  # results in "Rocks!"

Step 4: The Final Expression in the if Block:

Since len(x) > 10 is True, the result of (x and y) + "!" will be returned by the if statement.

(x and y) + "!" if len(x) > 10 else "Not Long Enough"

becomes:

"Rocks!"  # because len(x) > 10 is True

Step 5: The print() Function:

Finally, the print() function outputs the result:

print("Rocks!")

Final Output:

Rocks!

Key Concepts Explained:

String Multiplication:

"Python" * 2 repeats the string "Python" two times, resulting in "PythonPython".

Logical and Operator:

The and operator returns the first falsy value it encounters, or the last truthy value if both operands are truthy. In this case, both x and y are truthy, so it returns y, which is "Rocks".

Ternary Conditional Expression:

The expression if condition else allows us to choose between two values based on a condition. Since len(x) > 10 is True, the value "Rocks!" is chosen.

String Concatenation:

The + operator concatenates two strings. In this case, it combines "Rocks" and "!" to produce "Rocks!".