Snake Game in Python

CODE:

import pygame

import time

import random

pygame.init()

WIDTH, HEIGHT = 1200, 700

WHITE = (255, 255, 255)

BLACK = (0, 0, 0)

RED = (255, 0, 0)

GREEN = (0, 255, 0)

BLUE = (0, 0, 255)

screen = pygame.display.set_mode((WIDTH, HEIGHT))

pygame.display.set_caption("Snake Game")

clock = pygame.time.Clock()

snake_block = 10

snake_speed = 15

font_style = pygame.font.SysFont("bahnschrift", 25)

score_font = pygame.font.SysFont("comicsansms", 20)

def display_score(score):

    value = score_font.render(f"Your Score: {score}", True, RED)

    screen.blit(value, [10, 10])

def draw_snake(snake_block, snake_list):

    for block in snake_list:

        pygame.draw.rect(screen, GREEN, [block[0], block[1], snake_block, snake_block])

def message(msg, color):

    msg_surface = font_style.render(msg, True, color)

    screen.blit(msg_surface, [WIDTH / 6, HEIGHT / 3])

def game_loop():

    game_over = False

    game_close = False

    x, y = WIDTH // 2, HEIGHT // 2

    x_change, y_change = 0, 0

    snake_list = []

    snake_length = 1

    food_x = round(random.randrange(0, WIDTH - snake_block) / 10.0) * 10.0

    food_y = round(random.randrange(0, HEIGHT - snake_block) / 10.0) * 10.0

    while not game_over:

        while game_close:

            screen.fill(BLACK)

            message("Game Over! Press Q-Quit or C-Play Again", RED)

            display_score(snake_length - 1)

            pygame.display.update()

            for event in pygame.event.get():

                if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:

                    if event.key == pygame.K_q:

                        game_over = True

                        game_close = False

                    if event.key == pygame.K_c:

                        game_loop()

        for event in pygame.event.get():

            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:

                game_over = True

            if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:

                if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:

                    x_change, y_change = -snake_block, 0

                elif event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:

                    x_change, y_change = snake_block, 0

                elif event.key == pygame.K_UP:

                    x_change, y_change = 0, -snake_block

                elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:

                    x_change, y_change = 0, snake_block

        if x >= WIDTH or x < 0 or y >= HEIGHT or y < 0:

            game_close = True

        x += x_change

        y += y_change

        screen.fill(BLACK)

        pygame.draw.rect(screen, BLUE, [food_x, food_y, snake_block, snake_block])

        snake_head = [x, y]

        snake_list.append(snake_head)

        if len(snake_list) > snake_length:

            del snake_list[0]

        for block in snake_list[:-1]:

            if block == snake_head:

                game_close = True

        draw_snake(snake_block, snake_list)

        display_score(snake_length - 1)

        pygame.display.update()

        if x == food_x and y == food_y:

            food_x = round(random.randrange(0, WIDTH - snake_block) / 10.0) * 10.0

            food_y = round(random.randrange(0, HEIGHT - snake_block) / 10.0) * 10.0

            snake_length += 1

        clock.tick(snake_speed)

    pygame.quit()

    quit()

game_loop()

#source code --> clcoding.com

Code Explanation:

1. Imports and Initialization

import pygame

import time

import random

pygame.init()

pygame: A library used to create games.

time and random: Standard Python libraries for time delays and random number generation.

pygame.init(): Initializes all imported pygame modules.

2. Screen Setup

WIDTH, HEIGHT = 1200, 700

screen = pygame.display.set_mode((WIDTH, HEIGHT))

pygame.display.set_caption("Snake Game")

Defines the screen dimensions as 1200x700.

Creates the game window using pygame.display.set_mode().

Sets the title of the game window to "Snake Game".

3. Colors

WHITE = (255, 255, 255)

BLACK = (0, 0, 0)

RED = (255, 0, 0)

GREEN = (0, 255, 0)

BLUE = (0, 0, 255)

RGB tuples are used to define colors.

4. Game Variables

snake_block = 10

snake_speed = 15

snake_block: The size of each block of the snake.

snake_speed: Determines the snake's speed (frames per second).

5. Fonts

font_style = pygame.font.SysFont("bahnschrift", 25)

score_font = pygame.font.SysFont("comicsansms", 20)

Two fonts are created for rendering messages and scores.

6. Helper Functions

Displaying Score

def display_score(score):

    value = score_font.render(f"Your Score: {score}", True, RED)

    screen.blit(value, [10, 10])

Displays the player's score in red at the top-left corner.

Drawing the Snake

def draw_snake(snake_block, snake_list):

    for block in snake_list:

        pygame.draw.rect(screen, GREEN, [block[0], block[1], snake_block, snake_block])

Draws the snake as a series of green blocks using the snake_list, which tracks the coordinates of each block.

Displaying Messages

def message(msg, color):

    msg_surface = font_style.render(msg, True, color)

    screen.blit(msg_surface, [WIDTH / 6, HEIGHT / 3])

Displays messages on the screen, such as "Game Over".

7. Main Game Loop

Variables

def game_loop():

    game_over = False

    game_close = False

    x, y = WIDTH // 2, HEIGHT // 2

    x_change, y_change = 0, 0

    snake_list = []

    snake_length = 1

    food_x = round(random.randrange(0, WIDTH - snake_block) / 10.0) * 10.0

    food_y = round(random.randrange(0, HEIGHT - snake_block) / 10.0) * 10.0

game_over and game_close: Flags for the game's state.

x and y: Initial coordinates of the snake's head.

x_change and y_change: Tracks the snake's movement direction.

snake_list and snake_length: Represents the snake and its current length.

food_x and food_y: Randomly generated coordinates for the food.

Game Over Logic

while game_close:

    screen.fill(BLACK)

    message("Game Over! Press Q-Quit or C-Play Again", RED)

    display_score(snake_length - 1)

    pygame.display.update()

Displays a "Game Over" screen, along with options to quit (Q) or restart (C).

Event Handling

for event in pygame.event.get():

    if event.type == pygame.QUIT:

        game_over = True

    if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:

        if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:

            x_change, y_change = -snake_block, 0

        elif event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:

            x_change, y_change = snake_block, 0

        elif event.key == pygame.K_UP:

            x_change, y_change = 0, -snake_block

        elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:

            x_change, y_change = 0, snake_block

Handles quitting the game and arrow key input to change the snake's direction.

Boundary Collision

if x >= WIDTH or x < 0 or y >= HEIGHT or y < 0:

    game_close = True

Checks if the snake has hit the boundaries of the screen.

Snake Movement

x += x_change

y += y_change

Updates the snake's position.

Snake Growth and Collision Detection

snake_head = [x, y]

snake_list.append(snake_head)

if len(snake_list) > snake_length:

    del snake_list[0]

for block in snake_list[:-1]:

    if block == snake_head:

        game_close = True

Adds the new position of the snake's head to the snake_list.

Removes the last block if the snake hasn’t eaten food.

Checks if the snake collides with itself.

Food Collision

if x == food_x and y == food_y:

    food_x = round(random.randrange(0, WIDTH - snake_block) / 10.0) * 10.0

    food_y = round(random.randrange(0, HEIGHT - snake_block) / 10.0) * 10.0

    snake_length += 1

If the snake's head overlaps with the food, it generates new food and increases the snake's length.

8. Rendering

screen.fill(BLACK)

pygame.draw.rect(screen, BLUE, [food_x, food_y, snake_block, snake_block])

draw_snake(snake_block, snake_list)

display_score(snake_length - 1)

pygame.display.update()

Clears the screen, redraws the food and snake, updates the score, and refreshes the display.

9. Frame Rate

clock.tick(snake_speed)

Controls the frame rate based on snake_speed.

10. Quit

pygame.quit()

quit()

Exits the game when the loop ends.