Hexagonal pattern plot using python

 

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

import numpy as np

import matplotlib.patches as patches

def draw_hexagonal_pattern(rows, cols, hex_size=1):

    fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(6, 6))

    ax.set_xlim(-1, cols * 1.5)

    ax.set_ylim(-1, rows * np.sqrt(3))

    ax.set_aspect('equal')

    for row in range(rows):

        for col in range(cols):

            x = col * 1.5 * hex_size

            y = row * np.sqrt(3) * hex_size

            if col % 2 == 1:

                y += np.sqrt(3) / 2 * hex_size  

                hexagon = patches.RegularPolygon((x, y), numVertices=6, radius=hex_size, edgecolor='black', facecolor='lightblue')

            ax.add_patch(hexagon)

    plt.axis('off')  

    plt.show()

draw_hexagonal_pattern(6,6)

#source code --> clcoding.com 

Code Explanation:

Imports

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

import numpy as np

import matplotlib.patches as patches

matplotlib.pyplot: Used for plotting figures.

numpy: Provides mathematical functions (e.g., np.sqrt(3) for hexagonal height calculation).

matplotlib.patches: Contains shape objects like RegularPolygon, which we use to draw hexagons.

Function Definition

def draw_hexagonal_pattern(rows, cols, hex_size=1):

Defines a function draw_hexagonal_pattern that takes:

rows: Number of rows in the hexagonal pattern.

cols: Number of columns.

hex_size: The radius of each hexagon (default is 1).

Creating the Plot

    fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(8, 8))

Creates a figure (fig) and axes (ax) to draw the pattern.

figsize=(8, 8): Sets the figure size to 8x8 inches.

    ax.set_xlim(-1, cols * 1.5)

    ax.set_ylim(-1, rows * np.sqrt(3))

    ax.set_aspect('equal')

ax.set_xlim(-1, cols * 1.5): Sets x-axis limits based on column count.

ax.set_ylim(-1, rows * np.sqrt(3)): Sets y-axis limits based on row count.

ax.set_aspect('equal'): Ensures hexagons retain their shape.

Loop to Create Hexagonal Grid

    for row in range(rows):

        for col in range(cols):

Loops through each row and column to place hexagons in a grid.

            x = col * 1.5 * hex_size

Calculates x-position: Each hexagon is spaced horizontally by 1.5 * hex_size.

            y = row * np.sqrt(3) * hex_size

Calculates y-position: Each hexagon is spaced vertically by √3 * hex_size.

            if col % 2 == 1:

                y += np.sqrt(3) / 2 * hex_size

Offsets every alternate column by √3/2 * hex_size to create a staggered effect.

Creating and Adding Hexagons

            hexagon = patches.RegularPolygon((x, y), numVertices=6, 

                                             radius=hex_size, edgecolor='black', 

                                             facecolor='lightblue')

Creates a hexagon using RegularPolygon:

(x, y): Center of the hexagon.

numVertices=6: Specifies it as a hexagon.

radius=hex_size: Defines the hexagon size.

edgecolor='black': Sets hexagon border color.

facecolor='lightblue': Sets fill color.

            ax.add_patch(hexagon)

Adds the hexagon to the plot (ax).

    plt.axis('off')  

    plt.show()

plt.axis('off'): Hides x and y axes.

plt.show(): Displays the figure.

Calling the Function

draw_hexagonal_pattern(6, 6)

Generates a hexagonal grid of 6 rows × 6 columns.