Fish Scale pattern plot using python

 import numpy as np

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

rows,cols=10,10

radius=1

fig,ax=plt.subplots(figsize=(8,8))

ax.set_xlim(0,cols*radius)

ax.set_ylim(0,(rows+0.5)*(radius/2))

ax.set_aspect('equal')

ax.axis('off')

color=['#6FA3EF','#3D7A9E','#F4C542','#E96A64','#9C5E75']

for row in range(rows):

    for col in range(cols):

        x=col*radius

        y=row*(radius/2)

        if row%2==1:

            x+=radius/2

        semicircle=plt.cCircle((x,y),radius,color=np.random.choice(colors),clip_on=False)

        ax.add_patch(semicircle)

plt.title('Fish scale pattern plot',fontsize=16,fontweight='bold',color='navy',pad=15)

plt.show()

#source code --> clcoding.com       

Code Explanation:

Import required libraries

import numpy as np

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

Imports numpy (as np) and matplotlib.pyplot (as plt)

numpy is used for mathematical operations and randomness

matplotlib.pyplot is used for creating plots

Setting Grid Size & Circle Radius:

rows, cols = 10, 10  

radius = 1  

Defines the number of rows and columns (10×10 grid)

Defines the radius of each semicircle as 1

Creating the Figure & Axes:

fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(8,8))

Creates a figure (fig) and an axis (ax) with an 8×8-inch canvas

plt.subplots() is used for making a figure with subplots

Setting Axis Limits:

ax.set_xlim(0, cols * radius)

ax.set_ylim(0, (rows + 0.5) * (radius / 2))  

ax.set_xlim(0, cols * radius) → X-axis ranges from 0 to cols * radius

ax.set_ylim(0, (rows + 0.5) * (radius / 2)) → Y-axis height is adjusted for proper alignment of semicircles

(rows + 0.5) * (radius / 2) ensures the last row is properly visible

Making the Plot Circular and Removing Axes:

ax.set_aspect('equal') 

ax.axis('off')

ax.set_aspect('equal') → Maintains equal scaling for X and Y axes, ensuring circles remain perfectly round

ax.axis('off') → Removes the axes, labels, and ticks for a clean look

Defining Colors:

colors = ['#6FA3EF', '#3D7A9E', '#F4C542', '#E96A64', '#9C5E7F']

Creates a list of five colors (in hex format)

These colors will be randomly assigned to the semicircles

Looping to Create Fish Scales:

for row in range(rows):

    for col in range(cols):

Outer loop (row) iterates through each row

Inner loop (col) iterates through each column

Calculating X & Y Positions:

x = col * radius  

y = row * (radius / 2)  

x = col * radius → Sets the X position for each semicircle

y = row * (radius / 2) → Sets the Y position for stacking semicircles half overlapping

Offsetting Alternate Rows:

if row % 2 == 1:

    x += radius / 2  

If row is odd, shift X position by radius / 2

This staggered alignment mimics the overlapping scale effect

Drawing the Semicircles:

semicircle = plt.Circle((x, y), radius, color=np.random.choice(colors), clip_on=False)

ax.add_patch(semicircle)

plt.Circle((x, y), radius, color=np.random.choice(colors), clip_on=False)

Creates a circle at (x, y) with radius = 1

Fills it with a random color from the color list (np.random.choice(colors))

clip_on=False ensures the circles aren't clipped at the edges

ax.add_patch(semicircle) → Adds the semicircle to the plot

Adding a Title:

plt.title("Fish Scale Pattern", fontsize=16, fontweight='bold', color='navy', pad=15)

Adds a title: "Fish Scale Pattern"

Font settings:

fontsize=16 → Large text

fontweight='bold' → Bold font

color='navy' → Dark blue text

pad=15 → Adds extra spacing above the title

Displaying the Pattern:

plt.show()

Displays the final fish scale pattern plot