Sunday, 16 March 2025

Python Coding challenge - Day 407| What is the output of the following Python Code?

 




Step-by-Step Code Explanation

Imports necessary libraries:

import statsmodels.api as sm  

import numpy as np  


statsmodels.api is used for statistical modeling.

numpy is used for numerical computations and array handling.

x = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])  

y = np.array([2, 4, 6, 8, 10])  


Defines input variables:

x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] (independent variable)

y = [2, 4, 6, 8, 10] (dependent variable)

The relationship is perfectly linear with y = 2x.

model = sm.OLS(y, sm.add_constant(x)).fit()  


Creates and fits an Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression model:

sm.add_constant(x) adds a bias (intercept) term to x.

sm.OLS(y, X).fit() computes the best-fit line for y = 2x.

print(model.params[1])


Extracts and prints the slope (coefficient) of x

The slope represents how much y changes for each unit change in x.

Ideally, the output should be 2.0, but the actual printed value is:

1.9999999999999998

Why is the Output 1.9999999999999998 Instead of 2.0?

This happens due to floating-point precision errors in Python. Here’s why:

Floating-Point Representation

Computers store decimal numbers in binary floating-point format, which sometimes cannot exactly represent simple decimals.

Tiny rounding errors occur during calculations, leading to results like 1.9999999999999998 instead of 2.0.


Final Answer (Exact Value with Floating-Point Precision)

1.999

0 Comments:

Post a Comment

Popular Posts

Categories

100 Python Programs for Beginner (96) AI (39) Android (24) AngularJS (1) Api (2) Assembly Language (2) aws (17) Azure (7) BI (10) book (4) Books (189) C (77) C# (12) C++ (83) Course (67) Coursera (248) Cybersecurity (25) Data Analysis (2) Data Analytics (2) data management (11) Data Science (145) Data Strucures (8) Deep Learning (21) Django (16) Downloads (3) edx (2) Engineering (14) Euron (29) Events (6) Excel (13) Factorial (1) Finance (6) flask (3) flutter (1) FPL (17) Generative AI (10) Google (36) Hadoop (3) HTML Quiz (1) HTML&CSS (47) IBM (30) IoT (1) IS (25) Java (93) Java quiz (1) Leet Code (4) Machine Learning (81) Meta (22) MICHIGAN (5) microsoft (4) Nvidia (4) Pandas (4) PHP (20) Projects (29) pyth (1) Python (1020) Python Coding Challenge (454) Python Quiz (102) Python Tips (5) Questions (2) R (70) React (6) Scripting (1) security (3) Selenium Webdriver (4) Software (17) SQL (42) UX Research (1) web application (8) Web development (4) web scraping (2)

Followers

Python Coding for Kids ( Free Demo for Everyone)