NumPy (Numerical Python)—Python does not have a built-in array data structure. It uses lists, which are convenient but relatively slow. NumPy provides the high-performance ndarray data structure to represent lists and matrices, and it also provides routines for processing such data structures.
SciPy (Scientific Python)—Built on NumPy, SciPy adds routines for scientific processing, such as integrals, differential equations, additional matrix processing and more. scipy.org controls SciPy and NumPy.
StatsModels—Provides support for estimations of statistical models, statistical tests and statistical data exploration.
So basically Python methods are like a Python function, but it must be called on an object.
And Python also has a set of built in methods that you can use on sequential data, but note that the method is going to written new values, but they are not going to change the original data at all. So we are going to look at few examples on how we can call the methods on the given sequential data.
Java Oops Concept:
1. Objects
2. Class
3. Inheritance
4. Polymorphism
5. Abstraction
6. Encapsulation
Object :
Any entity that has state and behaviour is known as an Object.
An object can be defined as an instance of a class.
Example :
Object = {property 1: value1, property 2: value 2……property n: value n}
Class :
Inheritance :
When one object acquires all the properties and behaviours of a parent object, it is known as inheritance.
It provides code reusability.
It is a used to achieve runtime polymorphism.
Polymorphism :
If one task is performed in different way, it is known as polymorphism.
In java we use method overloading and method overriding.
Abstraction :
Hinding internal details and showing functionality is known as abstraction.
Encapsulation :
Binding or wrapping code and data together into a single unit are known as encapsulation.
Naming Convention :
1. Class
. It should start with the uppercase letter.
It should be a noun such as Color, Button, System, Thread, etc.
Use appropriate words, instead of acronyms.
Example :
Public class Employee {
//code snippet
}
2. Interface
It should start with the uppercase letter.
It should be an adjective such as Runnable, Remote, ActionListener.
Use appropriate words, instead of acronyms.
Example :
Interface Printable
{
//code snippet
}
3. Method
It should start with lowercase letter.
It should be a verb such as main(), print(),
println().
If the name contains multiple words, start it
with a lowercase letter followed by an uppercase letter such as
actionPerformed().
Example :
Class Employee
{
//method
Void get( )
{
//code snippet
}
}
4. Variables
It should start with a lowercase letter such as id, name.
It should not start with the special characters like & (ampersand), $ (dollar), _ (underscore).
If the name contains multiple words, start it with the lowercase letter followed by an uppercase letter such as firstName, lastName.
Avoid using one-character variables such as x, y, z.
Example :
Class Employee
{
// variables
Int id;
Char name;
}
5. Package
It should be a lowercase letter such as java, lang.
If the name contains multiple words, it should
be separated by dots (.) such as java.util, java.lang.
Example :
Package com.abc.xyz;
Class employee
{
//code
}
6. Constant
It should be in uppercase letters such as RED, YELLOW.
If the name contains multiple words, it should be separated by an underscore(_) such as MAX_PRIORITY.
It may contain digits but not as the first letter.
Example :
Class Employee
{
//constant
Static final int MIN_Age = 18;
//code
}
Object and class Example:
Public class Student {
Int id ;
String name;
Public static void main (String[] args)
{
Student s1 = new Student();
System.out.println(s1.id);
System.out.println(s1.name);
}
}
Syntax of class :
Class <class_name>{
Field;
Method;
}
Class Student {
Int rollno;
String name;
Void insertRecord(int r, String n)
{
Rollno = r;
Name = n;
}
Void display()
{
System.out.println(rollno+ “ “ +name);
}
Class StudentTest {
Public static void main (String[] args)
{
Student s1 = new student();
Student s2 = new Student();
S1.insertRecord(101, “Ram”);
S2.insertRecord(102, “Sita”);
S1.display();
S2.display();
}
}
Class Student {
Int id;
String name;
}
Class StudentTest {
Public static void main (String arg[])
{
Student s1 = new Student();
Student s2 = new student();
S1.id = 101;
S1.name = “Ram”;
S2.id = 102;
S2.name = “Sita”;
System.out.println(s1.id+ “ “ s1.name);
System.out.println(s2.id+ “ “ s2.name);
}
}
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