Day 16 : Python program to check whether a number is strong number

 

import math

def is_strong_number(number):

    sum_of_factorials = sum([math.factorial(int(digit)) for digit in str(number)])

    return sum_of_factorials == number

# Input from user

num = int(input("Enter a number: "))

if is_strong_number(num):

    print(f"{num} is a strong number.")

else:

    print(f"{num} is not a strong number.")

Code Explanation: 

Importing the Math Library

import math

import math: Brings the math library into the program, giving access to mathematical functions like math.factorial().

2. Defining the Function

def is_strong_number(number):

def: Declares a new function.

is_strong_number: The name of the function, which determines if a given number is a strong number.

number: The input parameter for the function, representing the number to check.

3. Calculating the Sum of Factorials of Digits

    sum_of_factorials = sum([math.factorial(int(digit)) for digit in str(number)])

str(number): Converts the number into a string so that we can loop through its digits.

int(digit): Converts each digit (originally a string) back to an integer.

math.factorial(int(digit)): Calculates the factorial of the digit.

sum([...]): Calculates the sum of the list.

sum_of_factorials: Stores the result of this calculation.

4. Checking if the Number is a Strong Number

   return sum_of_factorials == number

sum_of_factorials == number: Compares the sum of the factorials of the digits to the original number.

If they are equal, the number is a strong number.

Returns True if the number is strong; otherwise, returns False.

5. Taking Input from the User

num = int(input("Enter a number: "))

input("Enter a number: "): Displays a prompt and takes input from the user as a string.

int(): Converts the string input to an integer.

num: Stores the user-provided number.

6. Checking and Printing the Result

if is_strong_number(num):

    print(f"{num} is a strong number.")

else:

    print(f"{num} is not a strong number.")

if is_strong_number(num):: Calls the is_strong_number function with the user’s input (num).

If the function returns True, it means num is a strong number.

If it returns False, num is not a strong number.

print(f"..."): Displays the result to the user using an f-string.

   #source code --> clcoding.com 

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Day 15 : Python Program to find all perfect squares in a given range

 

def perfect_squares(start, end):

    squares = []

    for num in range(start, end + 1):

        if (num ** 0.5).is_integer():  

            squares.append(num)

    return squares

start = int(input("Enter the start of the range: "))

end = int(input("Enter the end of the range: "))

print(perfect_squares(start, end))

Code Explanation:

1. Defining the Function

def perfect_squares(start, end):

def: This keyword is used to define a new function in Python.

perfect_squares: The name of the function, which suggests its purpose (to find perfect squares).

start, end: These are the input arguments (parameters). start is the lower bound of the range, and end is the upper bound.

2. Initializing an Empty List

    squares = []

squares: This is an empty list that will store all the perfect squares found within the given range.

3. Iterating Through the Range

    for num in range(start, end + 1):

for num in range(start, end + 1):

A for loop that iterates over each number from start to end (inclusive).

range(start, end + 1): Generates a sequence of numbers starting at start and ending at end.

4. Checking for Perfect Squares

        if (num ** 0.5).is_integer():

num ** 0.5: Calculates the square root of the current number (num).

.is_integer(): Checks if the square root is an integer.

If the square root is a whole number, it means num is a perfect square.

5. Adding Perfect Squares to the List

            squares.append(num)

squares.append(num): Adds the current number (num) to the squares list if it passes the perfect square check.

6. Returning the List

    return squares

return squares: After the loop finishes, the function returns the list of all perfect squares found within the range.

7. Taking User Input for the Range

start = int(input("Enter the start of the range: "))

end = int(input("Enter the end of the range: "))

input(): Displays a prompt to the user and reads their input as a string.

int(): Converts the user input from a string to an integer.

The user is asked to provide the starting (start) and ending (end) numbers for the range.

8. Calling the Function and Printing the Result

print(perfect_squares(start, end))

perfect_squares(start, end): Calls the function with the user-provided range.

print(): Displays the resulting list of perfect squares.

#source code --> clcoding.com

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Python Coding challenge - Day 265 | What is the output of the following Python Code?

 

Step-by-Step Explanation

1. Define the List

nums = [1, 2, 3, 4]

A list called nums is defined with the elements [1, 2, 3, 4].

This is the input list we will process using the map() function.

2. Map with lambda to Square Each Element

result = list(map(lambda x: x * x, nums))

What is map()?

map() applies a function to each item in an iterable (in this case, nums) and returns a map object.

Syntax:

map(function, iterable)

function: A function that will be applied to each element.

iterable: A list (or other iterable) whose elements will be processed.

Lambda Function

lambda x: x * x

This is a lambda function, which is a short anonymous function.

It takes a single argument x and returns 

 (the square of x).

Applying map()

map(lambda x: x * x, nums)

map() applies the lambda function lambda x: x * x to each element of the list nums.

Convert the Map Object to a List

list(map(lambda x: x * x, nums))

The map() function returns a map object by default, which is an iterator.

We convert this iterator into a list using list().

After conversion, the result becomes: [1, 4, 9, 16].

So now:

result = [1, 4, 9, 16]

3. Calculate the Sum of the Mapped Results

result = sum(result)

What is sum()?

The built-in sum() function computes the sum of all elements in the given list.

Apply it to the List

We now compute:

sum([1, 4, 9, 16])

result = 30

4. Print the Final Result

print(result)

This will output the computed sum of the squares.

Final Output

The program will print:

30

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Python Coding challenge - Day 264| What is the output of the following Python Code?

 

Code Explanation:

1. nums = [5, 6, 7, 8]

This creates a list nums containing the integers [5, 6, 7, 8].

2. lambda x: x % 2 == 0

This is a lambda function, which is an anonymous or "inline" function in Python.

lambda x: x % 2 == 0 takes an input x and checks if it is even by calculating x % 2 == 0.

% is the modulus operator, which returns the remainder of a division.

An integer is even if it is divisible by 2 with no remainder (x % 2 == 0). For example:

6 % 2 == 0 (True)

7 % 2 == 0 (False)

So this lambda function returns True if the number is even, and False otherwise.

3. filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, nums)

filter() is a built-in Python function.

Its purpose is to filter elements in an iterable (like a list) based on a given condition or function.

The syntax is:

filter(function, iterable)

function: A function (like the lambda defined earlier) that returns True or False.

iterable: The iterable (in this case, the list nums) to filter.

Here:

function = lambda x: x % 2 == 0

iterable = nums

filter() will apply the lambda function to each element of nums. Only elements for which the lambda function returns True are included in the result.

How filter() works here:

For nums = [5, 6, 7, 8], the lambda checks:

5 % 2 == 0 → False

6 % 2 == 0 → True

7 % 2 == 0 → False

8 % 2 == 0 → True

So filter() will only keep elements 6 and 8.

4. list(filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, nums))

The filter() function returns an iterator, not a list. To convert it into a list, we use the list() constructor.

So:

result = list(filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, nums))

converts the filtered results into a list.

Here:

filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, nums) gives us the elements [6, 8].

list([6, 8]) converts that iterator into the list [6, 8].

5. print(result)

The final line prints the value of result.

After executing the code, result will hold [6, 8].

Final Output:

When you run the complete script:

nums = [5, 6, 7, 8]

result = list(filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, nums))

print(result)

The output will be:

[6, 8]

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Python Coding challenge - Day 263| What is the output of the following Python Code?

 

Step-by-Step Explanation

1. Define the List

numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]

A list called numbers is defined with the elements [1, 2, 3, 4].

This is the input list that we will process using the map() function.

2. Map Function with Lambda

result = list(map(lambda x: x ** 2, numbers))

What is map?

The map() function applies a given function to each item in an iterable (like a list) and returns a new map object.

Syntax:

map(function, iterable)

function: A function to apply to each element.

iterable: A list (or other iterable) whose elements will be processed.

Lambda Function

lambda x: x ** 2

lambda x: x ** 2 is an anonymous function (also called a lambda function).

It takes one input x and returns x ** 2 (the square of x).

Applying map

map(lambda x: x ** 2, numbers)

This applies the lambda function lambda x: x ** 2 to every element in the list numbers.

Convert map object to list

The result of map() is a map object, which needs to be converted into a list using list():

list(map(lambda x: x ** 2, numbers))

After conversion, this becomes the list [1, 4, 9, 16].

3. Print the Result

print(result)

The variable result contains the new list created by applying the lambda function to each element of numbers.

The result is [1, 4, 9, 16].

Final Output

The program will print:

[1, 4, 9, 16]

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Python Coding challenge - Day 262| What is the output of the following Python Code?

 

Step-by-Step Explanation

1. Define the outer function

def outer_function(x):

A function named outer_function is defined, which takes one argument x.

2. Define the inner function

  def inner_function(y):

    return y + 1

Inside outer_function, another function called inner_function is defined.

The inner_function takes a single argument y and simply returns 

y+1.

3. Call inner_function and return the result

  return inner_function(x) + 1

inner_function(x) is called with the argument x (which will eventually be passed to outer_function).

The result of inner_function(x) is then incremented by 1 (+ 1) before returning.

4. Call the outer_function(5)

print(outer_function(5))

We now call outer_function with the argument 

x=5.

Let's compute what happens inside step-by-step.

Inside outer_function(5)

The inner function inner_function(y) is defined (but not executed yet).

Call inner_function(5):

y=5

The calculation is

5+1=6.

Return 

6+1=7.

Final Output

When print(outer_function(5)) runs, it will print:

7

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Python Coding challenge - Day 261 | What is the output of the following Python Code?

 

Step-by-Step Explanation

1. Lambda Function Definition

double = lambda x: x * 2

lambda: This is used to create an anonymous (inline) function in Python.

lambda x: x * 2:

This creates a function that takes a single argument x and returns x * 2.

Essentially, this is equivalent to defining a standard function like this:

def double(x):

    return x * 2

double =: The lambda function is assigned to the variable double.

2. Call the Lambda Function

print(double(4))

Here, the double lambda function is called with x = 4.

Computation: 

4×2=8

3. Output

The computed value 8 is then passed to the print() function and displayed.

Final Output

The program will print:

8

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Python Pandas Quiz

 

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Day 21 : Python Program to Find Sum of Digit of a Number Without Recursion

 

def number_sum(number):

    total = 0

    number = abs(number)  

    while number > 0:

        total += number % 10 

        number //= 10         

    return total

number = int(input("Enter a number: "))

result = number_sum(number)

print(f"The sum of the digits of {number} is {result}.")

Code Explanation:

1. Function Definition

def number_sum(number):

def: Declares a new function.

number_sum: The name of the function, which computes the sum of the digits of a number.

number: Input parameter representing the number whose digits will be summed.

2. Initializing the Total

    total = 0

total: A variable to store the cumulative sum of the digits. It is initialized to 0.

3. Handling Negative Input

    number = abs(number)

abs(number): Converts the number to its absolute value, removing any negative sign.

This ensures the program works for negative numbers by treating them as positive.

4. Iterative Summation

    while number > 0:

while number > 0:: Starts a loop that runs as long as number is greater than 0.

This ensures all digits are processed.

4.1 Extracting the Last Digit

        total += number % 10

number % 10: Extracts the last digit of number.

4.2 Removing the Last Digit

        number //= 10

number //= 10: Removes the last digit of number using integer division.

5. Returning the Result

    return total

return total: Returns the sum of the digits after the loop completes.

6. Taking User Input

number = int(input("Enter a number: "))

input("Enter a number: "): Prompts the user to enter a number.

int(): Converts the input (string) into an integer.

number: Stores the user-provided number.

7. Calling the Function

result = number_sum(number)

number_sum(number): Calls the number_sum function with the user-provided number.

result: Stores the returned sum of the digits.

8. Displaying the Result

print(f"The sum of the digits of {number} is {result}.")

print(f"..."): Displays the sum of the digits in a user-friendly format using an f-string.

The original number and its sum (result) are dynamically inserted into the string.

#source code --> clcoding.com 

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Python Programming For Financial Analysis With NumPy And Pandas: A Hands-On Beginner's Guide to Python Programming for Financial Analysis, Risk Management, and Portfolio Optimization (The ProgMaster)

Python Programming For Financial Analysis With NumPy And Pandas

Unlock the power of Python programming for financial analysis with NumPy and Pandas. This comprehensive guide provides a hands-on introduction to building advanced financial models, analyzing financial data, and visualizing insights.

Key Features:

•  Learn Python programming essentials for financial analysis
•  Master NumPy and Pandas libraries for efficient data manipulation
•  Understand financial modeling techniques, including time series analysis and regression
•  Develop skills in data visualization with Matplotlib and Seaborn
•  Explore machine learning applications in finance with Scikit-learn
•  Discover real-world examples of financial analysis, risk management, and portfolio optimization

What You Will Learn:

•  Python programming basics for financial analysis
•  NumPy fundamentals for numerical computing
•  Pandas essentials for data manipulation and analysis
•  Financial modeling techniques (time series, regression, Monte Carlo simulations)
•  Data visualization with Matplotlib and Seaborn
•  Machine learning applications in finance (predictive modeling, risk analysis)
•  Real-world examples of financial analysis, risk management, and portfolio optimization

Target Audience:

• Financial analysts
• Data scientists
• Python programmers
• Finance professionals
• Researchers and students in finance
• Portfolio managers

Additional Resources:

Companion website with code examples and tutorials

Online community forum for discussion and support

Highlights if this book:

Python and VR Basics: Introduces Python as an accessible language for beginners, emphasizing its role in developing VR environments and applications.

VR Tools and Frameworks: Covers popular tools like PyOpenGL, Pygame, and Unity integration with Python, which are essential for creating 3D environments and interactive experiences.

Hands-On Projects: Offers practical exercises that help users build VR scenes, prototype applications, and explore VR development methodologies.

Applications of VR: Discusses real-world uses, including gaming, education, healthcare, and architecture, showing how Python powers these innovations.

Beginner-Friendly Approach: Simplifies VR and Python concepts to help learners quickly grasp their potential in creating engaging, immersive content.

This book provides a comprehensive guide to Python programming for financial analysis with NumPy and Pandas, empowering readers to build innovative and informative financial models.

Hard Copy: Python Programming For Financial Analysis With NumPy And Pandas: A Hands-On Beginner's Guide to Python Programming for Financial Analysis, Risk Management, and Portfolio Optimization (The ProgMaster)

Kindle:Python Programming For Financial Analysis With NumPy And Pandas: A Hands-On Beginner's Guide to Python Programming for Financial Analysis, Risk Management, and Portfolio Optimization (The ProgMaster)

 

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Python Programming For Absolutely Beginners On Visual Realities ("VR") (An Essential programming pro, Cold Craft , Digital Mastery, Tech, and Security Book 5)

 

Python Programming For Absolutely Beginners On Visual Realities

"Python Programming for Absolute Beginners on VR" is a comprehensive guide to building immersive Virtual Reality (VR) experiences using Python. This book provides a thorough introduction to Python programming and its application in VR development, covering VR fundamentals, Python basics, and advanced VR techniques. The book "Python Programming For Absolutely Beginners On Visual Realities (VR)" explores the integration of Python programming with virtual reality (VR) technologies. It is designed to guide beginners through the basics of programming while focusing on VR's immersive and interactive applications.

Key Features:

Introduction to VR and its applications

Python basics for beginners

VR development frameworks and libraries (A-Frame, PyOpenGL, etc.)

3D modeling and animation

VR interaction and controller design

Advanced VR techniques: physics, collision detection, and audio

Real-world VR projects and case studies

Cross-platform development for Oculus, Vive, and Daydream

Target Audience:

Absolute beginners in programming and VR development

Students pursuing computer science, game development, or related fields

Professionals seeking to transition into VR development

Hobbyists and enthusiasts interested in VR and Python

Educators teaching VR and Python courses

Chapter Outline:

Part 1: Python Fundamentals

Introduction to Python programming

Variables, data types, and operators

Control structures and functions

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) concepts

Part 2: VR Development Essentials

Introduction to VR and its history

VR hardware and software overview

Setting up a VR development environment

VR development frameworks and libraries

Part 3: Advanced VR Techniques

3D modeling and animation

VR interaction and controller design

Physics and collision detection

Audio and sound design

Part 4: Real-World VR Projects

Building a VR game with A-Frame

Creating a VR experience with PyOpenGL

Real-world VR case studies and applications

Conclusion:

"Python Programming for Absolute Beginners on VR" provides a comprehensive foundation for building immersive VR experiences. By mastering the concepts and techniques presented in this book, readers will be equipped to create stunning VR applications.

Hard Copy: Python Programming For Absolutely Beginners On Visual Realities ("VR") (An Essential programming pro, Cold Craft , Digital Mastery, Tech, and Security Book 5)

Kindle: Python Programming For Absolutely Beginners On Visual Realities ("VR") (An Essential programming pro, Cold Craft , Digital Mastery, Tech, and Security Book 5)

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Python API Development With Flask

 

Python API Development With Flask

In a world where digital applications rely heavily on seamless communication, building efficient APIs has become a cornerstone of software development. This book offers a practical and comprehensive guide to mastering API development using Python and Flask, a lightweight yet powerful web framework.

With step-by-step tutorials, real-world examples, and clear explanations, you'll gain the skills to create robust, secure, and scalable APIs that power modern applications. Whether you're connecting cloud services, automating workflows, or scaling your digital solutions, this book equips you with the knowledge to make it happen efficiently.

Learn the essentials of API design, explore RESTful principles, and integrate cutting-edge features using Flask's rich ecosystem. By the end, you’ll have the confidence to build and deploy APIs that meet industry standards and exceed user expectations. Take the next step in your software development journey and create APIs that truly make a difference.

The book Python API Development With Flask  provides a hands-on guide to building APIs using the Flask micro-framework. It caters to developers looking to create RESTful APIs efficiently and includes real-world examples to enhance learning. Topics include API design principles, integrating Flask extensions, handling authentication, and deploying APIs to production environments. The content balances foundational concepts with advanced techniques, making it suitable for both beginners and experienced developers. This book is ideal for those aiming to master Flask for API development.

Key Features of the book:

Comprehensive Flask Coverage: Step-by-step guidance on building RESTful APIs using Flask, from basic setup to advanced concepts.

Integration of Extensions: Includes popular Flask libraries like Flask-SQLAlchemy and Flask-JWT for database management and authentication.

Real-World Applications: Practical examples of API design and deployment in production environments.

Secure Development Practices: Emphasizes authentication, token management, and secure API implementation.

Scalable API Design: Focus on creating robust, scalable, and efficient APIs.

Hard Copy: Python API Development With Flask

Kindle: Python API Development With Flask

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Python Essentials for Professionals: Mastering Advanced Python Skills for High-Performance Applications

Python Essentials for Professionals: Mastering Advanced Python Skills for High-Performance Applications

Python Essentials for Professionals is the ultimate guide for Python developers ready to take their skills to the next level. Designed for those who want to master advanced Python concepts, this book dives deep into the most powerful and intricate elements of the language, providing insights and techniques to elevate your coding proficiency. Whether you're building data-intensive applications, working with real-time systems, or optimizing complex processes, this book equips you with the tools and knowledge to tackle high-stakes, performance-oriented Python projects.

This guide is structured to give professionals a comprehensive understanding of Python’s advanced features, from mastering object-oriented programming and the Python data model to implementing metaclasses and customizing class behaviors. For readers looking to optimize performance, the book covers efficient data structures, memory management, and best practices for handling large datasets. Detailed chapters on Pythonic design patterns allow you to apply industry-standard patterns to your code, making it scalable, maintainable, and robust.

The book also explores essential techniques for building powerful, asynchronous applications using Python’s asyncio, multithreading, and multiprocessing modules, ideal for applications requiring high concurrency. Professionals working with APIs or web development will find valuable sections on creating RESTful APIs, network programming, and leveraging popular frameworks like Flask, Django, and FastAPI to build scalable web solutions. Testing, debugging, and deployment receive their own dedicated sections, ensuring you have a solid understanding of writing reliable, production-ready code. Discover how to implement Continuous Integration and Continuous Deployment (CI/CD) with tools like GitHub Actions and Jenkins, containerize applications using Docker, and deploy them to cloud platforms.

Python Essentials for Professionals goes beyond code to include practical advice on professional best practices, security, and cryptography. From code reviews and advanced logging practices to building secure applications, this book provides the foundations for writing code that’s not just functional but polished and production-ready. A comprehensive appendix rounds out the book with essential resources, tools, and libraries for the modern Python developer.

Perfect for experienced developers, software engineers, and data scientists, this book offers a path to mastering Python and excelling in professional projects. Whether you’re an advanced user or a professional looking to refine your Python expertise, Python Essentials for Professionals is the complete resource to power your journey to Python mastery.

Key Features:

Advanced Programming Concepts: The book explores sophisticated features like metaprogramming, concurrency, asynchronous programming, and performance optimization techniques.

High-Performance Applications: Special emphasis is placed on leveraging Python's capabilities to build efficient, scalable applications for real-world scenarios.

Deep Dive into Libraries: It provides in-depth guidance on using advanced Python libraries and tools to enhance productivity and tackle complex challenges.

Professional Best Practices: Topics include clean code principles, debugging techniques, and testing methodologies suited for enterprise-level projects.

Who It's For:

This book is ideal for Python developers who already have a firm grasp of the language and are looking to advance their expertise in building robust, high-performance applications.

Hard Copy: Python Essentials for Professionals: Mastering Advanced Python Skills for High-Performance Applications

Kindle: Python Essentials for Professionals: Mastering Advanced Python Skills for High-Performance Applications

 

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Master Python Programming Through Hands-On Projects and Practical Applications for Everyday Challenges

Master Python Programming Through Hands-On Projects and Practical Applications for Everyday Challenges 

Are you ready to bring your Python skills to life? "Python in Action: Practical Programming with Real-World Projects" is a must-have resource for anyone seeking a hands-on approach to mastering Python. With an emphasis on practical application, this book takes you from the basics of Python programming to developing complex, feature-rich applications.

Learn to navigate Python’s vast ecosystem of libraries and frameworks while working on exciting projects, including CRUD applications, web scraping tools, and data visualization dashboards. Explore advanced topics such as multithreading, regular expressions, and Tkinter-based GUI development, all explained in a straightforward, beginner-friendly manner. With thoughtfully designed chapters, practical coding exercises, and detailed walkthroughs of each project, this book ensures that your learning is both engaging and effective. Whether you're a hobbyist, student, or professional, this guide will elevate your Python expertise to new heights.

Highlights of the Book:

Hands-On Approach: It emphasizes applying Python concepts through projects rather than relying solely on theoretical learning.

Wide Range of Applications: Topics cover various domains, including data analysis, web development, automation, and scripting, showcasing Python's versatility.

Practical Skill Development: Projects encourage independent problem-solving, which is valuable for professional development and real-world scenarios.

Beginner-Friendly Structure: Concepts are introduced incrementally, making it accessible for those new to programming.

By integrating project-based learning with explanations of core Python concepts, the book helps readers build a strong foundation while preparing them for advanced applications like data science and machine learning. This aligns with Python's reputation as a beginner-friendly yet powerful language for diverse applications​.

Kindle: Master Python Programming Through Hands-On Projects and Practical Applications for Everyday Challenges

 

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Mastering Python: Hands-On Coding and Projects for Beginners

 

Mastering Python: Hands-On Coding and Projects for Beginners

Unlock the full potential of Python programming with "Python in Action: Practical Programming with Real-World Projects". This comprehensive guide is tailored for programmers at all levels who want to enhance their Python skills while working on practical, hands-on projects. The book seamlessly blends theory and application, starting with Python fundamentals like variables, data structures, and control flow, before advancing to more complex topics such as object-oriented programming, database interactions, web scraping, and GUI development.

Each chapter introduces clear examples, detailed explanations, and exercises that make learning Python intuitive and enjoyable. The five real-world projects, including a data visualization dashboard and an automation script, offer invaluable experience in creating functional applications. Whether you're preparing for a career in software development, data science, or automation, this book equips you with the knowledge and confidence to excel.

Key Features:

Beginner-Friendly Content: The book breaks down complex Python concepts into easily digestible sections, making it ideal for absolute beginners.

Hands-On Projects: Readers can work through step-by-step instructions to complete practical projects that help solidify their understanding of core Python concepts.

Coverage of Essential Topics: The book includes topics like data types, loops, functions, modules, and object-oriented programming. It also touches on advanced areas like data manipulation and basic machine learning applications.

Real-World Applications: The focus on practical usage ensures that readers learn how to apply Python to solve real problems in fields such as data analysis, web development, and automation.

Kindle: Mastering Python: Hands-On Coding and Projects for Beginners

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Challanges Of Python Identify Operators

 

What is the result of this code?

x = {1: "a"}
y = x
print(x is y)

Explanation:

1. What the is Operator Does

The is operator checks whether two variables refer to the same memory location, not just if they have the same value.

---

2. Code Breakdown

• x = {1: "a"}:
  • A dictionary is created with one key-value pair (1: "a").
  • The variable x points to the memory location of this dictionary.
• y = x:
  • The variable y is assigned the same reference as x.
  • Now, both x and y point to the same memory location and represent the same dictionary.

• print(x is y):

  • Since x and y point to the same dictionary object in memory, x is y evaluates to True.

---

3. Why This Happens

In Python, assigning one variable to another (e.g., y = x) doesn't create a new object. Instead, it creates a new reference to the same object in memory.

---

4. Output

The output of this code will be:

True

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Day 14 : Python Program to check whether the given number is perfect number

 

def perfect_num(number):

    return number > 0 and sum(i for i in range(1, number) if number % i == 0) == number

num = int(input("Enter a number: "))

if perfect_num(num):

    print(f"{num} is a perfect number.")

else:

    print(f"{num} is not a perfect number.")

Explanation:

1. The perfect_num Function

def perfect_num(number):

   return number > 0 and sum(i for i in range(1, number) if number % i == 0) == number

number > 0: 

Ensures the input is a positive integer. A perfect number must be positive.

sum(i for i in range(1, number) if number % i == 0):

Uses a generator expression to calculate the sum of all divisors of number (excluding the number itself).

i for i in range(1, number) iterates over all integers from 1 up to (but not including) number.

if number % i == 0 ensures that only divisors of number (numbers that divide evenly into number) are included.

== number: Checks if the sum of the divisors equals the original number, which is the defining condition for a perfect number.

2. Input from the User

num = int(input("Enter a number: "))

The user is prompted to enter a number.

The input is converted to an integer using int.

3. Check if the Number is Perfect

if perfect_num(num):

    print(f"{num} is a perfect number.")

else:

   print(f"{num} is not a perfect number.")

Calls the perfect_num function with the user input (num) as an argument.

If the function returns True, the program prints that the number is a perfect number.

Otherwise, it prints that the number is not a perfect number.

 #source code --> clcoding.com 

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Python OOPS Challenge | Day 16 | What is the output of following Python code?

The code snippet is an example of Python multiple inheritance, and here’s the explanation of the output:

Code Analysis:

1. Classes:

Glasses: A basic class with no attributes or methods.

Shader: A class containing a method printShadeIndex(self) that prints the string "high".

Sunglasses: Inherits from both Glasses and Shader.

2. Object Creation:

An instance of the Sunglasses class is created: obj = Sunglasses().

Since Sunglasses inherits from Shader, it gains access to the printShadeIndex method from Shader.

3. Method Call:

obj.printShadeIndex() invokes the method from the Shader class.

This prints the string "high".

Multiple Inheritance in Action:

The method resolution order (MRO) ensures that Shader's printShadeIndex method is found and executed when called on the Sunglasses instance.

Output:

The output of the code snippet is:

high

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Day 13 : Python Program to Check whether a given year is a Leap Year

 

def is_leap_year(year):

    

    if (year % 4 == 0 and year % 100 != 0) or (year % 400 == 0):

        return True

    else:

        return False

year = int(input("Enter a year: "))

if is_leap_year(year):

    print(f"{year} is a leap year.")

else:

    print(f"{year} is not a leap year.")

Code Explanation:

1. Function Definition:

   
   def is_leap_year(year):

   • A function is_leap_year is defined, which takes one argument: year.

2. Leap Year Logic:

   if (year % 4 == 0 and year % 100 != 0) or (year % 400 == 0):

           return True
            else:
           return False

1. • Leap Year Rules:
     • A year is a leap year if:
       1. It is divisible by 4 and not divisible by 100.
       2. Or, it is divisible by 400.
   • Explanation of Conditions:
     • year % 4 == 0: The year is divisible by 4.
     • year % 100 != 0: The year is not divisible by 100 (to exclude years like 1900, 2100 which are divisible by 100 but not leap years).
     • year % 400 == 0: The year is divisible by 400 (e.g., 2000, 2400 which are leap years).
   • If either condition is true, the function returns True (indicating a leap year), otherwise False.

---

3. Input:

   year = int(input("Enter a year: "))
   
   • The program prompts the user to input a year, which is converted to an integer and stored in the variable year.

4. Check Leap Year:

   if is_leap_year(year):
   print(f"{year} is a leap year.")

           else:
           print(f"{year} is not a leap year.")

3. • The function is_leap_year is called with the input year.
   • Depending on whether the function returns True or False:
     • If True: The year is printed as a leap year.
     • If False: The year is printed as not a leap year.

    #source code --> clcoding.com 

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DATA SCIENCE AND PYTHON LOOPS: UNLOCKING THE SECRETS OF DATA SCIENCE: STEP-BY-STEP INSTRUCTIONS FOR ASPIRING DATA SCIENTISTS - 2 BOOKS IN 1

 

"Data Science Demystified: A Beginner's Guide to Mastering Data Analysis and Machine Learning for Career Success 

Unlocking the Secrets of Data Science: Step-by-Step Instructions for Aspiring Data Scientists".

Unlock the Secrets of Data Science

Discover the fundamentals of data analysis and machine learning in easy-to-understand language. From understanding data structures and algorithms to mastering statistical techniques and predictive modeling, this book covers it all. Step-by-step instructions and practical examples guide you through each concept, ensuring you develop a strong foundation in data science.

Master Data Analysis and Machine Learning

Gain hands-on experience with data analysis and machine learning techniques using popular tools and programming languages such as Python, R, and SQL. Learn how to collect, clean, and analyze data effectively, and build powerful machine learning models to extract insights and make data-driven decisions.

Prepare for Career Success

Whether you're aiming for a career as a data analyst, data engineer, data scientist, or machine learning engineer, this book equips you with the skills and knowledge needed to succeed in the field of data science. Learn how to build a professional portfolio, network with industry professionals, and navigate the job market with confidence.

Why Choose "Data Science Demystified?

Comprehensive coverage of data science fundamentals

Easy-to-follow explanations and practical examples

Hands-on experience with popular tools and programming languages

Insights from industry experts and real-world case studies

Practical tips for career development and job search strategies

"Python Mastery: A Beginner's Guide to Unlocking the Power of Loops for Seamless Coding - Building a Solid Foundation in Python Programming." This comprehensive book is meticulously crafted for beginners, providing an immersive and accessible journey into the world of Python programming.

Dive into the foundations of Python with a focus on mastering the art of loops, a fundamental concept crucial for seamless and efficient coding. Each chapter is carefully designed to guide beginners through essential programming principles, ensuring a solid understanding of Python's syntax and functionality.

Key Features:

1. Clear and Concise Introduction to Python: This book serves as your gateway to Python programming, introducing the language in a clear, beginner-friendly manner. Whether you are new to coding or transitioning from another language, the book caters to learners of all backgrounds.

2. Focused Exploration of Loops: Loops are the backbone of many programming tasks, and this book places a special emphasis on unraveling their power. Through detailed explanations and practical examples, readers gain mastery over both "for" and "while" loops, unlocking the ability to create efficient and elegant solutions to a variety of programming challenges.

3. Practical Examples and Hands-On Exercises: Learning by doing is at the heart of this guide. With a plethora of practical examples and hands-on exercises, readers get the chance to apply their newfound knowledge immediately. This interactive approach solidifies learning and boosts confidence in Python programming.

4. Building a Strong Python Foundation: Beyond loops, this book lays the groundwork for a strong Python foundation. Readers explore key concepts, including variables, data types, control flow, functions, and more. Each chapter builds upon the previous, ensuring a seamless progression in mastering Python.

Kindle: DATA SCIENCE AND PYTHON LOOPS: UNLOCKING THE SECRETS OF DATA SCIENCE: STEP-BY-STEP INSTRUCTIONS FOR ASPIRING DATA SCIENTISTS - 2 BOOKS IN 1

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ChatGPT Prompts for Data Science: 625+ ChatGPT Done For You Prompts to Simplify, Solve, Succeed in Data Science

 

Are You Ready to Master Data Science with the Most Comprehensive and Practical Guide Available?

In today's data-driven world, staying ahead means mastering the tools and techniques that turn raw data into actionable insights. Whether you're a seasoned data scientist, an ambitious beginner, or a business leader hungry for clarity, "ChatGPT Prompts for Data Science" is your ultimate resource. This book is a game-changer—a 360-degree solution for all your data science challenges.

Why This Book is a Must-Have for Every Data Enthusiast:

Comprehensive Coverage: From foundational concepts to advanced techniques like machine learning, geospatial analysis, and natural language processing, this book covers it all.

Actionable Prompts: Packed with 500+ ready-to-use ChatGPT prompts tailored for real-world applications, this is your ultimate toolkit to solve problems quickly and effectively.

Expert Insights: Written by Jaideep Parashar, a researcher, entrepreneur, and keynote speaker with years of experience.

Universal Accessibility: Perfect for professionals, students, and leaders—no matter your level of expertise, this book has something for you.

What You’ll Learn:

Data Collection and Preparation: Clean, process, and organize data with ease.

Advanced Data Analysis: Dive into predictive analytics, machine learning, and more.

Data Visualization and Storytelling: Turn insights into compelling stories with actionable visuals.

Real-World Applications: Solve problems in industries like healthcare, retail, and logistics.

Future Trends: Stay ahead with insights into AI, edge computing, and ethical data science.

Who This Book is For:

Professionals: Accelerate workflows, enhance decision-making, and deliver results faster.

Students and Researchers: Master data science tools, techniques, and methodologies.

Business Leaders: Gain clarity and actionable insights to drive growth and innovation.

What Makes This Book Special:

The last book on data science you’ll ever need—covering every major topic, tool, and challenge in the field.

Easy-to-implement prompts designed to save time and deliver impactful results.

Written with a focus on real-world applications, high productivity, and problem-solving.

Don’t Miss Out! Order Your Copy Today and Transform the Way You Approach Data Science!

The book also help you with:

Data science tools

Artificial intelligence prompts

Machine learning guide

ChatGPT applications

Advanced analytics

Data visualization tips

Business intelligence techniques

Geospatial data analysis

Predictive modeling

Ethical AI and data privacy

This book is your opportunity to become a data science powerhouse. Don’t just stay ahead of the curve shape it. Get your copy now and start transforming data into meaningful action.

Hard Copy: ChatGPT Prompts for Data Science: 625+ ChatGPT Done For You Prompts to Simplify, Solve, Succeed in Data Science

Kindle:  ChatGPT Prompts for Data Science: 625+ ChatGPT Done For You Prompts to Simplify, Solve, Succeed in Data Science

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Spatial Data Science

 

Spatial Data Science

Spatial Data Science will show GIS scientists and practitioners how to add and use new analytical methods from data science in their existing GIS platforms. By explaining how the spatial domain can provide many of the building blocks, it's critical for transforming data into information, knowledge, and solutions.

"Spatial Data Science" is a specialized guide that delves into the intersection of spatial data and data science, focusing on analyzing, visualizing, and interpreting geospatial data. This book is tailored for professionals, researchers, and students who are interested in leveraging spatial data to solve real-world problems across various domains such as urban planning, environmental science, transportation, and business analytics.

Key Features of the Book

Comprehensive Introduction to Spatial Data

Covers fundamental concepts of spatial data, including coordinate systems, spatial relationships, and geographic data types (raster and vector).

Focus on Analytical Tools

Explores tools and libraries like:

Python: GeoPandas, Shapely, Folium, and Rasterio.

R: sf, sp, and tmap.

Demonstrates integration with GIS software such as QGIS and ArcGIS.

Real-World Applications

Case studies and projects focus on topics like mapping, geospatial machine learning, urban development analysis, and environmental modeling.

Visualization Techniques

Guides readers in creating compelling maps and interactive visualizations using tools like Matplotlib, Plotly, and Leaflet.

Advanced Topics

Covers spatial statistics, geostatistics, spatial interpolation, and network analysis, catering to advanced learners.

Who Should Read This Book?

Data Scientists and Analysts: Those looking to expand their expertise into spatial data applications.

GIS Professionals: Individuals interested in applying data science techniques to geospatial data.

Academics and Researchers: Useful for students and researchers in geography, environmental science, and related fields.

Urban Planners and Policymakers: Leverage spatial insights for decision-making and policy development.

Why It Stands Out

Interdisciplinary Approach: Combines spatial thinking with data science methodologies.

Practical Orientation: Emphasizes hands-on learning with examples and exercises.

Wide Applicability: Showcases how spatial data science impacts diverse fields, from disaster management to business intelligence.

This book is for those using or studying GIS and the computer scientists, engineers, statisticians, and information and library scientists leading the development and deployment of data science.

Hard Copy: Spatial Data Science

Kindle: Spatial Data Science

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Introduction to Data Analytics using Python for Beginners: Your First Steps in Data Analytics with Python

 

"Introduction to Data Analytics using Python for Beginners: Your First Steps in Data Analytics with Python" is a beginner-friendly guide designed to help readers take their initial steps into the exciting field of data analytics using Python. This book serves as a comprehensive introduction, offering an accessible learning experience for those with little to no prior knowledge of programming or data science.

In today’s data-driven world, the ability to analyze and interpret data is an essential skill across industries. From business and healthcare to education and social sciences, organizations increasingly rely on data analytics to inform decisions, optimize processes, and drive innovation. This growing demand has made proficiency in data analytics not just a valuable asset but a fundamental requirement for success.

"Introduction to Data Analytics using Python for Beginners" is designed for those embarking on their journey into the world of data analytics. Whether you’re a student, a professional looking to pivot your career, or simply someone eager to explore the capabilities of data analysis, this book serves as your comprehensive guide.

Python has emerged as one of the most popular programming languages in the data analytics landscape due to its simplicity, versatility, and powerful libraries. In this book, we will leverage Python’s rich ecosystem to demystify data analytics concepts and equip you with the practical skills needed to analyze real-world data.

We will start with the foundational concepts of data analytics, gradually building your knowledge and skills through hands-on examples and projects. Each chapter is designed to be approachable, with clear explanations and practical exercises that reinforce learning. By the end of this book, you will have a solid understanding of how to manipulate data, visualize insights, and derive meaningful conclusions.

This journey will not only enhance your technical skills but also encourage you to think critically about data. You will learn to ask the right questions, draw insights from data, and make data-driven decisions. As we navigate through various topics—such as data cleaning, exploratory data analysis, and machine learning—you will find that the process of data analysis is as much about understanding the data as it is about the tools you use.

I encourage you to dive into the exercises and projects with an open mind. Data analytics is a field where experimentation and curiosity are key. Embrace the challenges you encounter along the way, and remember that each obstacle is an opportunity for growth.

Key Features of the Book

Beginner-Focused Approach

The book assumes no prior experience and introduces concepts from the ground up.

It uses simple language and practical examples to explain Python programming and data analytics fundamentals.

Step-by-Step Guidance

Each topic is broken down into manageable steps, ensuring that readers can grasp one concept before moving on to the next.

Exercises and tutorials guide readers through hands-on tasks, helping to solidify their understanding.

Focus on Python Tools for Data Analytics

Covers essential Python libraries like:

Pandas for data manipulation.

NumPy for numerical computations.

Matplotlib and Seaborn for data visualization.

Introduces how to clean, analyze, and visualize datasets effectively.

Real-World Applications

Includes examples from everyday scenarios, such as sales analysis, customer trends, and performance evaluation.

The book bridges theoretical concepts with practical business use cases.

Project-Based Learning

Offers mini-projects that allow readers to apply what they’ve learned to realistic datasets.

Projects are designed to build confidence and problem-solving skills.

Who Should Read This Book?

Absolute Beginners: Those completely new to programming or data analytics.

Students: Ideal for learners in fields like business, social sciences, or engineering who want to explore data analysis.

Professionals: Individuals from non-technical backgrounds looking to transition into data-related roles.

Entrepreneurs and Small Business Owners: Learn to analyze business data for better decision-making.

Why It Stands Out

Practical and Approachable: The book simplifies complex topics, making it easy for beginners to follow along.

Focus on Essentials: Concentrates on the core skills needed to start working with data analytics right away.

Engaging Style: Uses relatable examples and a conversational tone to keep readers engaged.

Thank you for choosing this book as your guide. I am excited to embark on this journey with you, and I look forward to seeing the innovative insights you will uncover through data analytics.

Hard Copy: Introduction to Data Analytics using Python for Beginners: Your First Steps in Data Analytics with Python

Kindle: Introduction to Data Analytics using Python for Beginners: Your First Steps in Data Analytics with Python

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Introduction to Data Science for SMEs and Freelancers: How to Start Using Data to Make Money (DATA SCIENCE FOR EVERYONE Book 1)

 

Introduction to Data Science for SMEs and Freelancers: How to Start Leveraging Data to Make Money

Today, everyone seeks to harness data to boost profits, and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and freelancers cannot afford to be left behind. Although many believe that data science is reserved for large corporations, this book demonstrates that data science is within reach of any business, regardless of its size.

Introduction to Data Science for SMEs and Freelancers: How to Start Leveraging Data to Make Money is an accessible and straightforward guide designed to help you take your first steps in the world of data. In clear language, Rubén Maestre will show you how to harness the power of data, analyze it, and use it to make better decisions that propel your business forward.

What will you learn from this book?

What data science is and why it is essential for your business. Discover how data can help you identify patterns, optimize processes, and improve decision-making.

How to collect and manage your data. From transactions to customer interactions, you will learn to organize and evaluate the quality of your data.

Introduction to Python. Without needing to be a programmer, you will learn the basics of using this powerful language for data analysis with Pandas and NumPy.

Data cleaning and preparation. Discover techniques for cleaning and transforming data to enhance the quality of your analyses.

Exploratory data analysis and visualization. Learn how to create charts and use Matplotlib, Seaborn, and Plotly to visualize information.

Applying data science to business decision-making. Optimize inventories, enhance customer service, and make data-driven decisions.

Getting started with predictive models. Learn how to forecast trends and behaviors using tools like Scikit-Learn.

Why is this book different? 

Rubén Maestre, with experience in data science and digital marketing, has written this book specifically for SMEs and freelancers. It is not an overwhelming technical guide but rather a practical tool that democratizes access to data science. You will find real examples, straightforward explanations, and a hands-on approach to applying concepts from day one.

This book is only the first step. Rubén plans to delve into advanced topics in future books, such as visualizations, machine learning, and the use of artificial intelligence to improve processes.

Who should read this book? 

If you are a freelancer or a small business owner looking to optimize your business and make more informed decisions based on data, this book is for you. Even if you have no prior experience, Rubén will guide you step by step, making complex concepts easy to grasp.

About the Author Rubén Maestre is a professional passionate about technology, data, artificial intelligence, and digital marketing, with years of experience developing various digital projects to assist SMEs and freelancers. His goal is to democratize access to data science, showing that any business can harness the power of data to enhance its competitiveness.

Kindle: Introduction to Data Science for SMEs and Freelancers: How to Start Using Data to Make Money (DATA SCIENCE FOR EVERYONE Book 1)

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Learn Data Science Using Python: A Quick-Start Guide

 

"Learn Data Science Using Python: A Quick-Start Guide" is a practical introduction to the fundamentals of data science and Python programming. This book caters to beginners who want to delve into data analysis, visualization, and machine learning without a steep learning curve. 

Harness the capabilities of Python and gain the expertise need to master data science techniques. This step-by-step book guides you through using Python to achieve tasks related to data cleaning, statistics, and visualization.

You’ll start by reviewing the foundational aspects of the data science process. This includes an extensive overview of research points and practical applications, such as the insightful analysis of presidential elections. The journey continues by navigating through installation procedures and providing valuable insights into Python, data types, typecasting, and essential libraries like Pandas and NumPy. You’ll then delve into the captivating world of data visualization. Concepts such as scatter plots, histograms, and bubble charts come alive through detailed discussions and practical code examples, unraveling the complexities of creating compelling visualizations for enhanced data understanding.

Statistical analysis, linear models, and advanced data preprocessing techniques are also discussed before moving on to preparing data for analysis, including renaming variables, variable rearrangement, and conditional statements. Finally, you’ll be introduced to regression techniques, demystifying the intricacies of simple and multiple linear regression, as well as logistic regression.

What You’ll Learn

Understand installation procedures and valuable insights into Python, data types, typecasting

Examine the fundamental statistical analysis required in most data science and analytics reports

Clean the most common data set problems

Use linear progression for data prediction

What You Can Learn

Python Basics: Understand variables, data types, loops, and functions.

Data Manipulation: Learn to clean and process datasets using Pandas and NumPy.

Data Visualization: Create compelling charts and graphs to understand trends and patterns.

Machine Learning Basics: Implement algorithms like regression, classification, and clustering.

Real-World Problem Solving: Apply your skills to projects in areas like forecasting, recommendation systems, and more.

Who Should Read This Book?

Aspiring Data Scientists: Individuals seeking an accessible entry into the field of data science.

Professionals Transitioning Careers: Those looking to upskill or shift into data-focused roles.

Students and Researchers: Learners wanting to add data analysis and visualization to their skill set.

Why It Stands Out

The book’s balance of theory and practice makes it ideal for learning by doing. Its concise and well-structured format ensures that readers can quickly pick up skills without getting overwhelmed.

If you're looking to get started with Python for data science in a clear, concise, and engaging way, this book serves as an excellent resource.

Hard Copy: Learn Data Science Using Python: A Quick-Start Guide

Kindle: Learn Data Science Using Python: A Quick-Start Guide

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Python Coding challenge - Day 256 | What is the output of the following Python Code?

 

Explanation:

def greet(name="Guest"):

def: This keyword is used to define a function.

greet: This is the name of the function.

name="Guest": This is a parameter with a default value. If the caller of the function does not provide an argument, name will default to the string "Guest".

 return f"Hello, {name}!"

return: This keyword specifies the value the function will output when it is called.

f"Hello, {name}!": This is a formatted string (f-string) that inserts the value of the name variable into the string. For example, if name is "John", the output will be "Hello, John!".

print(greet())

greet(): The function is called without any arguments. Since no argument is provided, the default value "Guest" is used for name.

print(): This prints the result of the greet() function call, which in this case is "Hello, Guest!".

print(greet("John"))

greet("John"): The function is called with the argument "John". This value overrides the default value of "Guest".

print(): This prints the result of the greet("John") function call, which is "Hello, John!".

Output:

Hello, Guest!

Hello, John!

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Python Coding challenge - Day 257 | What is the output of the following Python Code?

 

Explanation:

def calculate(a, b=5, c=10):

def: This keyword is used to define a function.

calculate: This is the name of the function.

a: This is a required parameter. The caller must provide a value for a.

b=5: This is an optional parameter with a default value of 5. If no value is provided for b when calling the function, it will default to 5.

c=10: This is another optional parameter with a default value of 10. If no value is provided for c when calling the function, it will default to 10.

  return a + b + c

return: This specifies the value the function will output.

a + b + c: The function adds the values of a, b, and c together and returns the result.

print(calculate(3, c=7))

calculate(3, c=7):

The function is called with a=3 and c=7.

The argument for b is not provided, so it uses the default value of 5.

Inside the function:

a = 3

b = 5 (default value)

c = 7 (overrides the default value of 10).

print(): This prints the result of the calculate() function call, which is 3 + 5 + 7 = 15.

Output:

15

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Python Coding challenge - Day 259 | What is the output of the following Python Code?

 Explanation:

def divide(a, b):

def: This keyword is used to define a function.

divide: This is the name of the function.

a, b: These are parameters. The caller must provide two values for these parameters when calling the function.

  quotient = a // b

a // b: This performs integer division (also called floor division). It calculates how many whole times b fits into a and discards any remainder.

For example, if a=10 and b=3, then 10 // 3 equals 3 because 3 fits into 10 three whole times.

  remainder = a % b

a % b: This calculates the remainder of the division of a by b.

For example, if a=10 and b=3, then 10 % 3 equals 1 because when you divide 10 by 3, the remainder is 1.

  return quotient, remainder

return: This specifies the values the function will output.

quotient, remainder:

The function returns both values as a tuple.

For example, if a=10 and b=3, the function returns (3, 1).

result = divide(10, 3)

divide(10, 3):

The function is called with a=10 and b=3.

Inside the function:

quotient = 10 // 3 = 3

remainder = 10 % 3 = 1

The function returns (3, 1).

result:

The tuple (3, 1) is assigned to the variable result.

print(result)

print():

This prints the value of result, which is the tuple (3, 1).

 Final Output:

(3, 1)

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Python Coding challenge - Day 260 | What is the output of the following Python Code?

 

Explanation:

x = 5

A variable x is defined in the global scope and assigned the value 5.

def update_value():

A function named update_value is defined.

The function does not take any arguments.

  x = 10

Inside the function, a new variable x is defined locally (within the function's scope) and assigned the value 10.

This x is a local variable, distinct from the global x.

  print(x)

The function prints the value of the local variable x, which is 10.

update_value()

The update_value function is called.

Inside the function:

A local variable x is created and set to 10.

print(x) outputs 10.

print(x)

Outside the function, the global x is printed.

The global x has not been modified by the function because the local x inside the function is separate from the global x.

The value of the global x remains 5.

 Final Output:

 10

 5

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